Many of these cases allege decades of abuse, frequently made by adults or older youths years after the abuse occurred. The accusations of abuse and cover-ups began to receive public attention during the late 1980s. Criminal cases for the most part do not cover sexual harassment of adults. The abused include mostly boys but also girls, some as young as three years old, with the majority between the ages of 11 and 14. In the 20th and 21st centuries, the cases have involved many allegations, investigations, trials, convictions, acknowledgement and apologies by Church authorities, and revelations about decades of instances of abuse and attempts by Church officials to cover them up. There have been many cases of sexual abuse of children by priests, nuns, and other members of religious life in the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church in Chile in 2018 suffered one of the worst of the worldwide Catholic sexual abuse cases, including the Fernando Karadima case, resulting in several convictions and resignations. Pope Francis making a speech in the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (2018). He is the most senior church official in modern times to be laicized and is the first cardinal laicized for sexual misconduct. Found guilty of sexual crimes against adults and minors and abuse of power, he was dismissed from the clergy in February 2019. Theodore McCarrick (born 1930), ordered in 2018 by Pope Francis to a life of prayer and penance.

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